About Vikings History, Locations, and Characteristics

About Vikings History, Locations, and Characteristics The Vikings were a Scandinavian people profoundly dynamic in Europe between the ninth and eleventh hundreds of years as marauders, brokers, and pioneers. A blend of populace pressure and the simplicity with which they could strike/settle is generally refered to as the reasons why they left their country, the locales we presently call Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. They settled in Britain, Ireland (they established Dublin), Iceland, France, Russia, Greenland and even Canada, while their strikes took them to the Baltic, Spain, and the Mediterranean. The Vikings in England The principal Viking attack on England is recorded as being at Lindisfarne in 793 CE. They started to settle in 865, catching East Anglia, Northumbria, and related terrains before battling with the rulers of Wessex. Their locales of control vacillated significantly throughout the following century until England was controlled by Canute the Great who attacked in 1015; he is commonly viewed as one of Englands savvies and most capable lords. Be that as it may, the decision House which went before Canute was reestablished in 1042 under Edward the Confessor and the Viking age in England is considered to have gotten done with the Norman Conquest in 1066. The Vikings in America The Vikings settled the south and west of Greenland, apparently in the years following 982 when Eric the Red †who had been prohibited from Iceland for a long time †investigated the district. The remaining parts of more than 400 homesteads have been found, yet the atmosphere of Greenland in the long run turned out to be unreasonably cold for them and the settlement wrapped up. Source material has since a long time ago referenced a settlement in Vinland, and ongoing archeological revelations of a fleeting settlement in Newfoundland, at LAnse aux Meadows, have as of late brought into the world this out, in spite of the fact that the point is as yet questionable. The Vikings in the East Just as striking in the Baltic, by the tenth century Vikings settled in Novgorod, Kiev, and different zones, converging with the nearby Slavic populace to turn into the Rus, the Russians. It was through this eastern extension that the Vikings had contact with the Byzantine Empire †battling as hired fighters in Constantinople and shaping the Emperors Varangian Guard †and even Baghdad. Valid and False The most renowned Viking attributes to present day perusers are the longship and the horned protective cap. All things considered, there were longships, the Drakkars which were utilized for war and investigation. They utilized another specialty, the Knarr, for exchanging. Notwithstanding, there were no horned protective caps, that trademark is completely bogus. Renowned Vikings Ruler Canute the GreatEric the Red, pilgrim of Greenland.Leif Ericsson, pioneer of VinlandSweyn Forkbeard, King of England and Denmark.Brodir, dynamic in Ireland.

Value Added

Presentation Conventional money related detailing shows the firm’s reveal of the budgetary situation of a firm (accounting report), the monetary exhibition of the firm (pay articulation), and the development of (income explanation) (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Value Added explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although these announcements are extremely helpful after some time, they neglect to give significant data about the all out profitability of the firm and the portion of each group engaged with the administration of assets: investors, laborers, government, providers, clients, and different partners (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004). Thusly, this paper will endeavor to show firm’s esteem expansion and how it is disseminated to the partners. Worth Added According to Haslam and Neale (2000) esteem included is the amassing of the riches earned through beneficial usage of the company’s assets, for example, re sources before it is dispersed to the proprietors, government, clients, leasers, representatives, providers and people in general when all is said in done. Worth included as characterized by Riahi-Belkaoui (1992) is the arrival produced by the firm to its proprietors, government, laborers, and capital suppliers, for example, leasers, provider and bondholders and it tends to be determined by adding profit before assessment to the financing costs (intrigue) and finance costs. Additionally, esteem included might be determined by deducting costs acquired during buying of the administrations or products from the business income. Also, the distinction among yield and information clarifies successfully the idea of significant worth included, and as a general rule this is what is utilized by the legislature in figuring esteem included expense. Wood (1978) characterizes esteem included as a proportion of the riches included or made and conveyed by the organization through a movement like Cor porate Social Responsibility (CSR) to different firm’s partners, for example, investors, government, lenders, providers, clients among others. In this manner, it estimates net rather than firm’s net yield. Furthermore, International Labor Organization, IMF, OECD, UN, Economic Commission for Europe and World Bank (2004) characterizes esteem included as the fluctuation between firm’s yield esteem made in a specific period and the firm’s input esteem gained or bought from different organizations so as to create the yield. As a condition, esteem included can be outlined as demonstrated as follows; Value Added = Value of the Outputs †Value of the InputsAdvertising Looking for exposition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are two manners by which worth included can be grouped; Gross Value Added (GVA) and Net Value Added (NVA). GVA is dictated by including deals incom e to some other pay created from different sources or administrations less bought administrations or crude materials from different organizations (Mandal and Goswami, 2008). GVA can be utilized to measure commitment towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) made by the business or division or individual maker (OECD, 2001). Then again, NVA is the change among devaluation and the GVA. NVA may likewise be resolved through the maker or producer costs or factor costs or essential costs (Eurostat, 2010). In any case Cox (1979) proposed two techniques that can be utilized to compute esteem included; added substance strategy and subtractive strategy. Under the added substance strategy, esteem included is resolved as follows; Value Added = Profit/Earnings before charges + Employees’ cost + Depreciation + Taxation + Interest charges The added substance technique condition delineates how riches can be circulated to the leasers, representatives, and government among different partners. Th en again, subtractive strategy portrays how riches is earned or made and the accompanying equation can be utilized to decide the worth included; Value Added = Sales + Services’ salary †Cost of deals/Services bought This implies, so as to decide the worth included one must utilize pay explanation, which shows the misfortune or benefit made by the organization over a specific period like one year or quarter of semi-yearly, and how it is determined just as appropriated. Furthermore, much the same as pay proclamation, esteem included explanation shows esteem included by the firm over some stretch of time just as how it is resolved and appropriated to the stakeholders.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Value Added explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, returns designated to workers incorporate pay rates, compensation and the staff costs; to government incorporate enterprise assessment and annual duty; to investors is profits; to bu siness is held benefits; and agents is the offer capital’s profits and enthusiasm on the credit. In straightforward terms, benefit is dictated by taking away all business costs from deals. While esteem included is difference between income acquired in the wake of selling the company’s item and administrations and crude materials costs bought to make these administrations or products. To be sure, benefit is the worth included less the expenses of significant worth expansion by the firm. An Example To show the Value-Added Statement Analysis, BT Plc is utilized for instance. The accompanying table show the worth included that is registered from the BT Plc fiscal summaries for the period finished March 31, 2011. From the announcement, the BT Plc’s esteem included is  £10,355 million, which likewise applies to different partners.  £ â€Å"million† Sales Revenue/Turnover 20,449 Less: Cost of materials/administrations purchased 10,094 Value Added 10,355 Appl ied To Employees (Wages Salaries) 4,798 To Providers of Finance (Lenders †Interest) 861 To Providers of Capital (Shareholders †Dividend) 543 To Government (Payment of Corporation Tax, Income Tax) 213 To Maintenance and Expansion of Assets (Depreciation Retained Profits) 3,940 10,355 Table 1: BT Plc Value-Added Statement The worth included idea is a significant device for evaluating the firm’s execution whose activities affect the financial and social prosperity of the general public. It perceives different donors who have made commitments to the way toward creating the worth like the administration, investors, agents and workers. Connection between esteem included, income and benefit and firm’s deals execution A solid relationship exists between the firm’s fiscal reports, in that the worth included, benefit and income are unequivocally identified with the firm’s deals execution. To start with, the firm’s benefit relies emphatically upon t he firm’s deals execution just as its objective. This implies if the BT isn't making any benefit one would effortlessly take a gander at the firm’s deals financial plan and execution. Also, if deals execution is poor, this infers the firm is making misfortunes. On the other hand, on the off chance that the firm is increasingly beneficial this implies the firm sold more units and surpassed its spending plan. Be that as it may, on occasion high benefit doesn't infer high deals. For example, the firm may buy items from the provider at a lower cost, with a desire that it will offer the equivalent to purchasers in immense volumes at a more significant expense, along these lines anticipating high benefit. In the event that the firm doesn't sell the normal volume, this implies the firm may wind up with out of date stock and misfortunes (Heshmati and Loof, 2006).Advertising Searching for paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More BT Plc requires capital with the goal for it to get by just as for it to embrace future interest in new resources. The money is utilized to buy assets used to make administrations or merchandise, which are then sold. This procedure is known as income cycle, which includes the development of firm’s wages and consumptions for a while. Income as a fundamental piece of the firm is connected with firm’s deals execution. On the off chance that the firm sells administrations or products, the volume of deals decides what amount is earned by the firm. In this manner, if the firm is gainful, the firm’s deals execution is astounding coming about to additional option of money to pattern of the income. Actually, if firm’s deals execution is poor, the firm might be not able to put more money to the pattern of income as it had foreseen. In this way, most organizations bomb because of deficient income rather than benefit (Heshmati and Loof, 2006). The worth included expla nation reflects how BT Plc makes riches and how riches is appropriated to the partners. Income is created when administrations or merchandise are sold, not when the money is paid. Consequently, for credit deals, the hour of deals is before the money is required. The income can likewise be considered as the beginning stage for benefit. Notwithstanding, the exact relationship isn't really straight that is each dollar of additional income doesn't really mean an additional dollar of benefit for two primary reasons: (1), the nearness of roundabout variable and fixed expenses and charges. Various firms have various degrees of outfitting in a roundabout way factor costs that typically fluctuate non-straightly with the yield, while the fixed costs, which are estimated as a level of absolute expenses are working costs like lease, will be consistent. In this manner when deals increment, the benefit will too expand (Heshmati and Loof, 2006). (2), as a business develops and builds its benefit, it requires progressively capital. Notwithstanding, the expense of capital doesn't remain the equivalent in view of the measure of hazard that capital suppliers see in putting resources into the organization. This implies bigger firms speak to bring down hazard. In this manner, it very well may be seen that there is a non-linearity among benefit and EVA and, thus, a non-linearity among deals and EVA (Referenceforbusiness, 2010). Balance

Woman History Class Chapter Outlines Example

Woman History Class Chapter Outlines Example Woman History Class: Chapter Outlines â€" Essay Example > Chapter Outline of Nancy F. Cott’s, “Equal Rights and Economic Roles” Keber and DeHart, 379-89The author’s main argument was that, it was better for women to break free from the concessions accorded by the laws of sex-based protectionism, thereby ensuring themselves the widest choice of opportunities on the labor market. However, this vision in the 1920s did not come without a conflict of ideas, as it required redefining the very basic meaning of feminism â€" whether is meant a unique position for themselves as different from men, or it meant removal of subjugation of all sorts, and claiming equal rights in all aspects and reorient their thinking focusing on women’s definition of rights rather than male definition of rights. The author has supported the concept of removing all forms of discrimination, which will enable women to claim equal rights as men in all walks of life. The supporters of sex-based protective legislation failed to see the need to challenge the divisi on of labor on gendered grounds, which was the root cause of discrimination. The protective laws also seemed to discourage women from taking up employment, and therefore nourished apprehensions against employing them. The author has quoted very little statistical evidence to validate the claims of either side. A few more statistical figures for both sides would have helped the readers arrive at their own decisions, as to which side had been preferred by the women of the period. The Key Terms are: 1) ERA or Equal Rights Amendment proposal by NWP 2) National Women’s Party and 3) LWA or the League of Women Voters. Equal Rights Amendment was first proposed by the National Women’s Party, headed by Alice Paul. Shortly after the 19th Amendment in 1920, the NWP started rethinking their stand on the issue of the sex-based state regulation. Though they had avidly fought for it earlier, some factions within the NWP felt that it was hampering women workers opportunities in the labor marke t. Other women leaders led by the League of Women’s Voters which was actually a daughter movement of the National American Woman Suffrage Association were calling for an elimination of the sex-discrimination in the law. However, the tables turned and under the guidance of Gail Laughlin it no longer supported sex-based legislation. With the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments in 1923, the NWP advocated “equal rights” that did away with any discrimination between male and females so as to ensure a wider scope of job opportunities for women. However, it met with bitter opposition from various sections of women trade unionists like Pauline Newman and Dr. Alice Hamilton, and a former factory worker Mary Anderson. Critical Thinking QuestionsWhat were the principle points on which the ERA of NWP was opposed by sex-based legislation supporters? What gave credence to their arguments? How did the perception of the view that NWP’s views reflected only those of the privileged women of the dominant community contribute to the defeat of the equal rights proposal? Chapter Outline of Valerie Matsumoto’s, “Japanese American Women during World War II” Keber and DeHart, 459-65

7 Graphs Commonly Used in Statistics

My Day Of High School - 886 Words

This course has been the most challenging year of English yet, which is fitting because it culminates my last year of high school. In fact, I am writing this piece on my last day of high school. This is one of the last English classes I will ever take. I am not planning on majoring in English in college but I have truly learned to see the beauty of language I use every single day. It may sound clichà ©, but there is nothing more fulfilling than being able to express myself on paper. Thirteen years of English class (twelve excluding kindergarten) and in one year I finally learned comma placement, how to competently write a paper, and how to use databases which are a college staple. This portfolio is full of papers I have written using the knowledge attained throughout the course. All of the papers in this portfolio are from ENG 112 as it is the second semester. Although I thoroughly enjoyed writing some of the papers in first semester, I believe my skills were used more effectively d uring the second semester. I had more time to process my writing in the spring semester, which allowed for improved work. The first paper I wrote for spring semester was on the concept of the American dream. This paper was one of my favorites to write because of the sheer amount of research readily available. I had access to surveys, essays, and just about every famous U.S. leader’s opinion on their idea of the American dream. This research helped me to realize that the American dream was muchShow MoreRelatedMy Day Of High School Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pageslong day of high school, and I was so excited because for once I didn’t have a basketball practice. On top of that, I had plans to go on a date, I was always so busy that I never went on dates. This wasn’t just an ordinary date though this just so happened to be ‘the most popular guy in school’. I was very excited, but after school all that I wanted to do was go home, get a snack, lay down on the couch, prop my feet up, and relax for a while. Maybe even take a nap before I got ready for my date.Read MoreMy Day At High School951 Words   |  4 Pages The idea came upon me late on a Sunday night in early February. An idea that me and my buddies from high school need one last get together before the end of the semester. Yes, the end of the semester is not for another 2 months, but many of my friends go to a variety of different colleges which means many different weeks of spring break. I realized that this would be our last chance together so let’s go home this weekend and get together. We ran with the idea. We all found ways back home and ourRead MoreMy First Day Of High School938 Words   |  4 Pageswhether they want to or not, what matters is if they accept the change for the better rather than the worse. As a high school student, I have learned to accept changes as just part of my life. I have experienced a lot of changes in my life from ninth grade to senior year of high school, from my physical strength, personality, involvement, and my ability to grow as a potential teacher one day. These changes have all been bene ficial in the growth of me as a person, a person that will succeed in life. Read MoreMy First Day Of High School904 Words   |  4 PagesMy first day of high school was my first time attending school in America. It was the scariest week of my life. I had only been in America for two month when my mother told me I had to start high school next week. I was very nervous and scared, but my mother told me that the school was going to be similar to my school in Egypt. I don’t remember why I believed her at this time. Thought, I think I wanted to believe that everything was going to be normal and regular. The day before going to school,Read MoreMy First Day Of High School868 Words   |  4 Pagesin our head even after periods of time has passed by. By far my favorite example was the first day of high school. It was day of so many mixed emotions, a day that will remain so clear and fresh in my memory. My first day was a bright sunny morning, I remember being so anxious I hardly slept. I remember taking an hour picking my first day outfit, I wore a yellow button down flowy shirt, beige skinny jeans, and some sparkly new shoes. My best friend’s older sister had decided to take us because sheRead MoreMy First Day At High School1377 Words   |  6 Pages Two and a half years Dark, alone, and scared. This is what I felt my first day in high school. I went from a catholic middle school knowing everyone and their family to a public high school knowing no one. A once popular kid was now an awkward boy wondering around like a lost lamb in a huge school with not one friend. I went on for two in a half years like this before I realized I needed to change, break from my shell, and make friends. Who would of thought that decision would be life changingRead MoreMy First Day Of High School716 Words   |  3 PagesThe day started off pretty good, the birds were chirping, the grass was green, it was a beautiful August morning. I was listening to my happy, epithalamic, and soothing music before I had to leave. It was the first day of school, we had just moved to Parma from Seattle Washington. I never really had trouble with making friends, so I was fervid to meet new people. The city seemed perfect for me. I felt untrammeled and joyous in my new neighborhood. The ci ty gave me a great aesthetic pleasure. I expectedRead MoreMy First Day of High School765 Words   |  4 PagesThe first day is always the hardest. You go from being the leaders of the school, to the babies of the school. It was the first day and everybody was full of both excitement and fear. I looked around, I saw a bunch of crowded newbies all around me, anxiously awaiting the bell, at the start the only person I could recognise was Chiara. Chiara is one of my best friends; we went through primary school together. Gradually more and more people showed up, until I could barely move. A few of themRead MoreMy First Day In High School981 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst day I started high school, I was so nervous. As a kid, I always remember I would have an anxiety problem for almost every little thing. I wake every morning nauseated even though there was nothing to worry about because I mean after all it was just school. I remember thinking damn, I just got out of middle school here goes another 4 long year of going to school. But what I didn’t know was that those years would go by so fast. After all, like everyone says, a lot happens in 4years. On my firstRead MoreMy First Day Of High School Essay2039 Words   |  9 PagesAnother memory, my friend called me like the 2nd day of high school, â€Å"April where are you at? Everyone is asking where you at, everyone is calling you and asking for you. You have all my classes. Where you at? It is truly crazy out here. Everyone is smoking in front of the school, we drinking bottles† Why did I want to go to that school because all my friends were there and all that crazy stuff was happening. Honestly I don’t know what the hell my problem was, but I must confess I was super excited

The Blunt Truth Essay Uploaded Free Essays

Even though the resistance to legalize marijuana is present due to the fallacy Of the natural herb, it should be legalized because it will positively elf the economy and also has countless health benefits. Many people who oppose medical marijuana are persuaded by the propaganda due to their misunderstanding and misconception of medical marijuana. One debatable topic is that medical marijuana is considered a gateway drug. We will write a custom essay sample on The Blunt Truth Essay Uploaded or any similar topic only for you Order Now A gateway drug is best defined as a habit-forming drug that is not addictive, but its use may lead to the use of other addictive drugs. The Eagle Forum stated, â€Å"Since TECH is continually in the body, the ‘high’ from pot gradually diminishes, and so pot smokers usually take other drugs to get a kick† (â€Å"Is Marijuana†). Although is it possible to build a tolerance to marijuana, it is highly unlikely for the user to move to other more addictive drugs such as cocaine and heroine. Lynn Simmer, PhD argues the correlation between medical marijuana and other drugs by stating, â€Å"In the end, the gateway theory is not a theory at all. It is a description of the typical sequence in which multiple-drug users initiate the use of high-prevalence and low-prevalence drugs† (â€Å"Is Marijuana†). Another controversial topic with medical marijuana is the potential addictiveness it possesses to its users. According to Proton, symptoms of withdrawal from marijuana have been identified including symptoms of depression, anxiety and appetite loss that were based on 60 percent of the study participants. On the contrary, a recent study suggests that medical marijuana has no exact symptoms of withdrawal in this quote, â€Å"Unlike for nicotine, alcohol and hard drugs, there is no clearly defined withdrawal syndrome, the hallmark of true addiction, when use is stopped† (Iverson 1). This supporting evidence displays that a user can start and stop consuming medical marijuana without any side effects or possible addiction. For the most part, medical marijuana usage is frowned upon because of many misconceptions towards negative effects. These misconceptions are propaganda based and inaccurate. With that said, medical marijuana actually has positive benefits, and even possibly an economic benefit. For people who cannot actually smoke marijuana for various reasons, â€Å"the plant may be altered into different forms to allow various forms of ingestion† (Brick). Modifying marijuana into foods or drinks allows numerous states to be able to tax marijuana. Although the economy has experienced a downfall, he taxation of medical marijuana would contribute millions of dollars to each state’s budget. California is a prime example with a $24 billion budget deficit; the vision of adding any kind of business to the tax rolls can start to sound like a good plan. The chairwoman of the State Board of Equalization, Betty T. Ye, supports the plan and states, â€Å"it could produce annual tax revenues of $1. 4 billion [for California]† (Kate). The government publicizes their terrible revenue like a baby crying every hour but when the baby is given a solution it ignores it and continues to cry. In addition to adding an enormous income, medical marijuana’s legalization has a potential impact on crime rates. II Paso City Council member Recourse states, â€Å"our drug policy is directly responsible for the murder and violence that people are experiencing in our sister community/’ (Kate). He also states that decentralization would â€Å"relieve a lot of the costs related to interdiction and imprisonment and enforcement and tap new revenues we’re missing out on† (Kate). In essence, legalizing medical marijuana would reduce crime rates and lower imprisonment rates, therefore enabling the government even larger revenue. Without a doubt, medical marijuana’s legalization has the potential of adding billions of dollars while reducing crime rates; nonetheless, medical marijuana’s greatest power is its health benefits. Accordingly with medical marijuana’s economic benefit, the health benefits can help millions of people suffering from a variety of diseases. Cancer as it is known is very deadly but in some cases treatable with chemotherapy. Many cancer patients that have gone through chemotherapy usually have unpleasing side effects, the greatest one being nausea and vomiting. Many of these patients have reverted to medical marijuana to help with the side effects and it’s shown to help. This is confirmed with this quote, â€Å"It is established that marijuana does ease the pain of cancer and the nausea of cancer chemotherapy† (McGinnis 1). Likewise, medical marijuana also helps with severe/chronic pain to ease these pains temporarily similarly to other medicine that’s usually prescribed. The Institute of Medicine confirmed by stating ‘the available evidence from animal and human studies indicates that innovations can have a substantial analgesic effect† (Institute of Medicine). Additionally there are more diseases that marijuana can have a positive effect on such as AIDS (HIVE), Arthritis, Asthma, Gastrointestinal disorders, Epilepsy, Glaucoma, Hepatitis C, and the aid with the terminally ill however these are still ongoing debates with many doctors and scientists that are for and against medical marijuana prescription. On the other hand, medical marijuana’s main benefit is that it offers any of its users happiness and hunger. These two effects combined can temporarily relieve stress. Along with these various benefits marijuana is a natural herb grown from earth’s soil and is God’s gift to many to seek it. All facts considered, medical marijuana’s pros outweigh its cons on many different bases. Medical marijuana has the potential to greatly help the economic crisis and can also impact many people who suffer from various diseases. Those who frown upon medical marijuana do not realize the helpful benefits it contains but rather agree with the many misconceptions that have destroyed marijuana’s reputation and transformed it into an immoral substance. How to cite The Blunt Truth Essay Uploaded, Essays

Trustee model Essay Example

Trustee model Paper By comparing these three political thinkers we can see the widely debated issues on representation, i. e. supposed superior competence of elites against the virtues of mass participation. Burke was a proponent of the trustee model of representative government whereby a representative was elected within a constituency and he was trusted to represent the interests of the people who had voted for him. However in practise this turns out to be very elitist as he considered many people not to be capable of making the necessary deliberations in such a position. This clearly favours the more educated and therefore wealthier classes (this is possibly a reflection of his conservative nature. ) When he was elected as a representative in Bristol, his constituency favoured political reform but he refused to bow to their wishes. The member should consult, consider and respect his constituents, but he should not receive instructions from them. He owes them not his obedience but his judgement, and he betrays them if he sacrifices it to their opinions. (Burke, 1774) A major criticism of this idea is that if politicians are left unchecked then they will follow their own selfish interests. This criticism is validated by James Mill who says that it is inevitable that politicians will act like this because they are human beings, whose natural instinct is to seek pleasure. Following this Benthamite inspired principle, Mill almost condones the self interested actions of politicians because it is natural. However he recognises that because of this, Burkes form of representative democracy will fail in the long run and therefore another form of representation is needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Trustee model specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Trustee model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Trustee model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He did not believe in mass democracy like in ancient Athenian times because it took too much of peoples time and cost them too much money and there would be a trade off; less commitment to politics in order for more leisure time. This would appear to give support to Edmund Burkes suggestion for an elected representative of the people because that representative would be willing to give up his time purely for politics so the masses didnt have to. This seems to fit perfectly into the greatest happiness of the greatest number principle but Mill rejects it as an idea. He also disagreed with Burke that the aristocratic classes were better equipped to make decisions for the people they represented than a member of the working class. Mill says that the aristocracy and the Monarchy do not understand what the masses want and there will therefore be no sustained happiness. This is clearly following the principles of Jeremy Bentham again which seems to make Mill even more contradictory as he follows them one minute but shuns them the next in the form of Burkes ideas on class. James Mill says that enfranchisement is very important but compared to modern standards he is extremely restrictive with who is allowed to vote. This was supposedly in order not to duplicate effort in which he believed strongly, however we can view this as something more than pragmatism, Mill wanted to appeal to the elites in society with his work and therefore advocating a full franchise was unlikely to win them over. It is said that his true wish would have been to extend the franchise further but as he left it, only 1/6th of the population were eligible to vote, propertied men over 4O. Women were represented by their fathers and the poor were supposedly represented by the middle class. The downfalls to this method of thinking are immense. Mill appears to be very nai ve in his view of human nature because according to his thinking, the middle classes will have common wants and needs as the working class and will consider not only what they want but what the working class wants as well. This is likely to be extremely different with no unity of interests which would then only lead to conflict. Even John Stuart Mill recognises the pitfalls of relying on the good in human nature, when empathising with the uneducated he says If my own happiness lies in something else, why may I not give that the preference? (Mill 1968) He realises that self interest in an integral part of being human. A restrictive franchise is also a factor of John Stuart Mills thinking as he is a supporter of plural voting based on skill, knowledge and education. J. S Mill believes that this should be a temporary measure as he wanted others to increase their education and competency over time and then plural voting could be scrapped. He called this developmental democracy which would enrich and advance the species. At least he wanted to make people more equal over time, Burke just assumes the working class will always be politically ignorant but if thats the case then why give them the vote at all, maybe so that it will still seem to them like they have a say in what happens to them, but in reality they cannot demand their representative to say what they want him to say.